Your browser does not support the PubReader view.
Go to this page to see a list of supporting browsers.
OMNES : The Journal of multicultural society
[ Review Article ]
OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society - Vol. 13, No. 2, pp.48-80
ISSN: 2093-5498 (Print)
Print publication date 31 Jul 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14431/omnes.2023.07.13.2.48

Robot Policing, Who will be Responsible for the Robotpolice's Ethical use on Making Decision? (Consideration of the Ethical Framework)

Jinsoon Song
Assistant Professor, Dong-A University. Public Administration, South Korea

Abstract

The National Police Agency presented the Police Future Vision 2050, signaling future security changes. Above all, The robotpolice stands out among the Police Paradigm 4.0.promotion tasks. Robots, along with various AI technologies, are the main players of next-generation industrial change. The activities of robotpolice in law enforcement and security have great paradigm potential for the safety and welfare of both citizens and police. However, concerns about Responsible AI are deepening in the balance of power between ethics and profitability amid technological competition hegemony. Decision-making relying on algorithms of armed robots with built-in AI is prone to unfairness and vulnerability to prejudice in terms of coercion and risk. The paper examines the legal status and ethics of robots, discusses unsupervised machine learning, Blackboxes of hidden or ignored algorithms, and Digital redlining, as well as the ethical regulations and framework of responsible AI, along with biased data cases from the Ministry of Justice COMPAS in U.S.A. The success of robotpolice for democratic policing is linked to the establishment of an ethical framework. Based on standards and regulations, the government and society are obliged to dispel concerns about robotpolice in public security by spreading civic participation and trust in science and technology through law promotion and awareness improvement throughout society.

Keywords:

Robotpolice, ethics, responsible AI, algorithmic bias, blackbox, law enforcement

References

  • Annica Hesser. (2022). AI – an important tool in the hunt for digital criminals, 5.20 https://liu.se/en/news-item/ai-ett-viktigt-verktyg-i-jakten-pa-digitala-brottslingar
  • Alex Chohlas-Wood. (2020). Understanding risk assessment instruments in criminal justice, https://www.brookings.edu/research/understanding-risk-assessment-instruments-in-criminal-justice/#footnote-7
  • AITIMES. (2021). Explainable AI, Will the algorithm turn Black Box into a 'Glass Box' 07. 21.https://www.aitimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=139722, (Retrieved: 2023.4.19)
  • Angwin, J., Larson, J., Mattu, S., & Kirchner, L. (2016). Machine bias. ProPublica. https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing
  • Bernard Mar. (2022). The 5 Biggest Tech Trends In Policing And Law E n f o r c e m e n t , https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/5-biggest-tech-trends-policing-law-enforcement-bernard-marr
  • Bill Campbell. (2023). How AI can help law enforcement agencies solve crimes faster, oliiceone https://www.police1.com/police-products/police-technology/articles/how-ai-can-help-law-enforcement-agencies-solve-crimes-faster-xg3GdkdLJnzcXVQ3, /
  • CBSNEWS, Novato Police Give Suspect Vape Pen to End 6-Hour Standoff Outside Safeway, 2019, https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/novato-police-standoff-armed-suspect-gas-station
  • Campolo A, Sanfilippo M, Whittaker M, Crawford K. (2017). AI Now 2017 report, 2017 AI Now 2017 report. New York, NY: AI Now Institute, New York University. https://ainowinstitute.org/AI_Now_2017_Report.pdf
  • Christian Enemark. (2021). Armed Drones and Ethical Policing: Risk, Perception, and the Tele-Present Officer. [https://doi.org/10.1080/0731129X.2021.1943844]
  • eKorean. (2023). AI reliability, American 'disbelief', Korean 'confidence' Why?, 02.22. https://www.ekoreanews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=65472, (Retrieved:2023.4.19)
  • Fisher M, List C, Slavkovik M, Winfield AF. (2016). Engineering moral machines. Forum/Dagstuhl Manifesto. Informatik-Spektrum 39 (6), 467–472. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-016-0998-x]
  • G, Gloria. (2017). Lethal Force and Drones: The Human Rights Question. In Legitimacy and Drones: Investigating the Legality, Morality and Efficacy of UCAVs, edited by Steven J. Barela, 91–115. New York: Routledge.
  • GlobalNEWS. (2022). Police proposal to use potentially deadly robots approved in San Francisco, 12.02 https://globalnews.ca/news/9314743/police-robots-san-francisco-approved/
  • INSIDER. (2016). Human-like robots may have a disturbing impact on actual humans, 2016. https://www.businessinsider.com/why-humanoid-robots-could-be-dangerous-2016-5, (Retrieved:2023.4.10)
  • Kim, T. ( 2019). 『Personality and Robot』, Park Young-sa.
  • Kookjedaily. (2023). Chat GPT Opens Pandora's Box,04,12. (Retrieved:2023.4. 19.) https://www.kookje.co.kr/news2011/asp/newsbody.asp?code=1700&key=20230413.22018000922
  • Lee, S. (2021). For AI that can be trusted, [Issue Brief] UNESCO AI Ethics Recommendation
  • Millicent A. (2019). Artificial Intelligence at the FBI – 6 Current Initiatives and Projects, https://emerj.com/ai-sector-overviews/artificial-intelligence-fbi/
  • MARKETPLACE. (2022). Real-world RoboCop: The ethics of using robots to apply lethal force,12.12.https://www.marketplace.org/shows/marketplace-tech/real-world-robocop-the-ethics-of-using-robots-to-apply-lethal-force/, (Retrieved:2023.4.07)
  • Robotdaily. (2023). NYPD introduces Knightscope's patrol robot 'K5' , 04.17 http://m.irobotnews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=31364, (Retrieved:2023..2.15)
  • Seouleconomy. (2017). EU, to equip robots with legal status and kill switches..The U.S. also establishes the principle of 'AI for Humanity' https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1OFSZ6SW23, (Retrieved:2023 .2.19.)
  • Song, J. (2021). Promoting public communication and Strengthening the function of Artificial intelligence Chatbots, Nars, vol.13, no.1(28), pp. 339-366. [https://doi.org/10.22809/nars.2021.13.1.013]
  • Song, J. (2022). A Study on Promoting of Public Communication and Improving Reliability through the Introduction of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots by Community Police, Policescience, vol.22, no.1(69), pp. 239-270. [https://doi.org/10.22816/polsci.2022.22.1.011]
  • Seon, J. (2020). Police Use of Artificial Intelligence Robots, Dong-a Laws, vol., no.89, pp. 62-87. [https://doi.org/10.31839/DALR.2020.11.89.61]
  • S.M. Miller & L.R. Keiser, (2020). Representative bureaucracy and attitudes toward automated decision makingJournal of Public Administration Research and Theory. [https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa019]
  • TheInvestor. (2022). Korean Police brace for dystopian future with plans for power armor, robot dogs, https://m.theinvestor.co.kr/view.php?ud=20220705000089, (검색일:2023.2.19)
  • United Nations. (2020). United Nations Human Rights Guidance on Less-Lethal Weapons in Law Enforcement. New York: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations,
  • Winfield AF. (2012). Robotics: a very short introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. [https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199695980.001.0001]
  • Winfield AF, M. Jirotka. (2018). Ethical governance is essential to building trust in robotics and artificial intelligence systems Philosophical Transactions A, 376 (20180005). [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0085]
  • Winfield AF. (2017). A round up of robotics and AI ethics, part 1 Principles. http://alanwinfield.blogspot.com/2017/12/a-round-up-of-robotics-and-ai-ethics.html
Biographical Note

Jinsoon Song(Ph.D.) is an assistant professor of department of public administration at Dong-A University. Major research focus on expanding the academic base of public communication in intelligence government and ways(channels, methos, etc) to promote public communication between government-citizens through AI technology media. Email: songjs@dau.ac.kr